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Pharmacokinetic considerations in the use of antivirals in neonates

Elena Yu Enioutina1,2, Jonathan E Constance1, Chris Stockmann1

  • 1a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City , UT 84108 , USA.

Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
|November 5, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Neonates are highly susceptible to viral infections due to immature immune systems. Reviewing antiviral drug pharmacokinetics in neonates is crucial for effective treatment and optimal dosing strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • Neonates possess immature immune systems, increasing susceptibility to viral infections.
  • Antiviral drugs, immunoglobulins, and monoclonal antibodies are used for prophylaxis and treatment in neonates.
  • Neonatal drug pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) differ significantly from adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neonatal immune deficiencies predisposing to viral infections.
  • To evaluate clinical manifestations and treatment of neonatal viral diseases.
  • To analyze antiviral drug pharmacokinetics in neonates and provide dosing recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on neonatal immune responses to microbial challenge.
  • Focus on published studies detailing antiviral drug pharmacokinetics in neonates.
  • Analysis of factors influencing drug pharmacokinetics in the neonatal population.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal immune responses are deficient, increasing vulnerability to viral infections.
  • Antiviral drug pharmacokinetics in neonates are influenced by gestational age, enzyme maturation, and renal clearance.
  • Significant pharmacokinetic variability necessitates careful consideration for neonatal drug dosing.

Conclusions:

  • Further research on antiviral drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in neonates is essential.
  • Gestational age, enzyme maturation, and renal function significantly impact antiviral drug pharmacokinetics in neonates.
  • Tailored dosing strategies for antiviral drugs are critical for maximizing clinical benefits in neonates and infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
:antiviral drugsHIVenterovirusesherpes virusesinfluenzaneonatespharmacokinetics of antiviral drugs in neonates

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