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Related Concept Videos

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

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Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

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Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
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Extended release once a day tacrolimus.

Neeraj Singh1, Jon Von Visger, Mareena Zachariah

  • 1aDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana bDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, Ohio cDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation
|November 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extended release once-daily tacrolimus formulations offer a promising alternative for solid organ transplant recipients. These new options may improve medication adherence, potentially leading to better patient outcomes and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Immunosuppression

Background:

  • Medication nonadherence is common post-transplant, leading to adverse outcomes.
  • Multiple daily dosing regimens are linked to increased nonadherence.
  • Improved adherence is associated with better transplant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on extended-release once-daily tacrolimus in solid organ transplant recipients.
  • To highlight the potential benefits of novel tacrolimus formulations on medication adherence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on extended-release once-daily tacrolimus.
  • Analysis of available extended-release tacrolimus formulations (Astagraf XL™, Envarsus XR®).

Main Results:

  • Extended-release once-daily tacrolimus formulations have become available.
  • These formulations aim to improve medication adherence compared to multiple daily dosing.
  • Potential benefits include enhanced safety and improved patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Extended-release tacrolimus demonstrates promise for improving adherence to immunosuppressive therapy.
  • Further research is necessary to validate improved compliance.
  • Long-term safety and efficacy require additional investigation.