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Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
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Antibody Repertoires in Fish.

Eva Bengtén1, Melanie Wilson2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA. ebengten@umc.edu.

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation
|November 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Fish possess adaptive immune systems similar to mammals, utilizing immunoglobulins (Ig) and T cell receptors (TCR). This chapter details Ig gene organization, expression, and diversity in fish, highlighting conserved immune mechanisms.

Keywords:
Antibody isotypesDiversityElasmobranchsGene organizationImmunoglobulinPrimary repertoireTeleosts

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Comparative Biology
  • Fish Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian adaptive immunity relies on immunoglobulins (Ig), T cell receptors (TCR), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules for antigen recognition.
  • Fish B cells share significant similarities with mammalian B cells, including Ig gene rearrangements and Ig production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of Ig heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chains in cartilaginous and teleost fishes.
  • To explore gene organization, expression, isotype diversity, and primary repertoire development of fish Ig.
  • To summarize key immune mechanisms in fish, such as somatic hypermutation and class switching.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on fish immunoglobulin (Ig) and adaptive immune systems.
  • Comparative analysis of Ig gene organization and expression between fish and mammals.
  • Synthesis of data on immune mechanisms in fish.

Main Results:

  • Cartilaginous and teleost fishes have adaptive immune systems analogous to mammals, employing Ig, TCR, and MHC molecules.
  • Significant conservation exists in Ig gene rearrangement and Ig production between fish and mammalian B cells.
  • The chapter outlines IgH and IgL chain characteristics, including gene organization, expression, and diversity in fish.

Conclusions:

  • Fish adaptive immunity shares fundamental features with mammals, particularly in B cell biology and Ig structure.
  • Understanding fish Ig diversity and immune mechanisms provides insights into vertebrate immune system evolution.
  • This overview highlights conserved immune responses and mechanisms across diverse fish species.