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Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
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Acceleration of reaction in charged microdroplets.

Jae Kyoo Lee1, Shibdas Banerjee1, Hong Gil Nam2

  • 1Department of Chemistry,Stanford University,Stanford,CA 94305,USA.

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
|November 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Microdroplet chemistry dramatically accelerates reactions, including isoquinoline synthesis and protein complexation, by factors of a million and thousand, respectively. This technique offers a novel approach for studying reactions in confined environments.

Keywords:
Electospray ionizationcytochrome cdroplet fusionisoquinolinekineticsmaltose

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Conventional bulk solution chemistry faces limitations in reaction rates for certain transformations.
  • Microdroplets offer a unique confined environment for chemical and biochemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using charged and fused droplets to accelerate chemical reactions.
  • To explore microdroplet chemistry as a method for enhancing reaction rates compared to bulk solutions.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution mass spectrometry was employed to study reactions within electrospray droplets.
  • Investigated the synthesis of isoquinoline in charged droplets.
  • Examined the complexation of cytochrome c and maltose in fused droplets.

Main Results:

  • Significant reaction acceleration observed: over a million-fold for isoquinoline synthesis and over a thousand-fold for cytochrome c-maltose complexation.
  • Evaporation was found to be negligible in fused aqueous droplets during mass spectrometry analysis.
  • The droplet-air interface may play a crucial role in accelerating reactions within microdroplets.

Conclusions:

  • Microdroplet chemistry is a general and effective method for dramatically increasing reaction rates.
  • This approach provides a powerful alternative for accelerating slow and challenging reactions.
  • Coupling microdroplet chemistry with mass spectrometry opens new avenues for studying reactions in confined environments.