Microbial contamination and disinfection methods of pacifiers

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Pediatric Dentistry
• Infection Control

Background:

• Pacifiers are commonly used by infants and young children.
• Microbial contamination of pacifiers, particularly by Mutans Streptococci (MS), is a concern for oral health.
• Effective disinfection methods are crucial to prevent transmission of cariogenic bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the level of microbial contamination on pacifiers by Mutans Streptococci (MS).
• To evaluate the efficacy of different disinfection methods for pacifiers.

Main Methods:

• Twenty-eight children participated in a 4-stage crossover study.
• Pacifiers were disinfected using 0.12% chlorhexidine spray, Brushtox, sterile water spray, or boiling for 15 minutes.
• Microbiological cultures for MS and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were performed.

Main Results:

• 0.12% chlorhexidine spray and boiling water showed similar effectiveness in reducing MS.
• Both chlorhexidine and boiling were more effective than Brushtox and sterile water.
• SEM revealed cariogenic biofilm formation in all groups with positive MS cultures.

Conclusions:

• Pacifier use leads to contamination by MS.
• Routine disinfection is recommended for pacifiers.
• 0.12% chlorhexidine spray and boiling water are effective disinfection methods for pacifiers contaminated with MS.