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External Female Genitals01:15

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The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more...
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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
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'Vulval oedema': a conundrum!

Nida Afshan1, Leena Gokhale1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|November 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Massive vulval edema in pregnant women, often linked to systemic disease, can cause severe discomfort. This case highlights successful resolution through simple drainage, avoiding surgical intervention for delivery.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Massive vulval edema in pregnancy is rare and typically associated with systemic diseases.
  • Previous treatments for vulval edema include diuretics, steroids, albumin, and epidural analgesia.
  • Surgical intervention like Cesarean section has been considered due to potential birth canal obstruction.

Observation:

  • A case of isolated vulval edema confined to the labia minora in a healthy pregnant woman.
  • The patient experienced significant pain and discomfort due to labial swelling.
  • Cesarean section was contemplated due to the massive edema obstructing the birth canal.

Findings:

  • Successful resolution of severe labial edema was achieved through simple drainage.
  • This minimally invasive approach alleviated patient discomfort and resolved the obstruction concern.

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  • The case contrasts with literature reporting Cesarean sections for similar obstructive vulval swelling.

    • Implications:

    • Simple drainage can be an effective treatment for massive vulval edema in pregnancy.
    • This approach may prevent the need for Cesarean delivery in cases of obstructive vulval swelling.
    • Highlights the importance of considering conservative management for localized vulval edema during pregnancy.