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Evolution of SUMO Function and Chain Formation in Insects.

Enric Ureña1, Lucia Pirone2, Silvia Chafino1

  • 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|November 6, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insect SUMOylation involves two genes, SUMO1 and SUMO3. Evolution led to SUMO1 loss in derived insects, with SUMO3 taking over metamorphic roles and losing polySUMO chain ability.

Keywords:
BlattellaDrosophilaSUMOSUMO paralogsSUMOylationinsectspolySUMO chains

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • SUMOylation is a key posttranslational modification regulating eukaryotic cellular processes.
  • Previous insect SUMOylation studies focused on Drosophila melanogaster, assuming a single SUMO gene (Smt3).
  • Basal insects possess two SUMO genes, orthologous to vertebrate SUMO1 and SUMO2/3.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and functions of SUMO1 and SUMO3 in the cockroach Blattella germanica.
  • To compare insect SUMO gene evolution with vertebrate counterparts.
  • To understand the functional consequences of SUMO gene evolution in insects.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of SUMO gene evolution across Metazoa and Insecta.
  • Characterization of SUMO1 and SUMO3 genes in Blattella germanica.
  • Comparative analysis of SUMOylation functions between Blattella germanica and Drosophila melanogaster.

Main Results:

  • The SUMO gene duplicated early in Metazoan evolution, with SUMO1 lost later in insect evolution (post-Hymenoptera).
  • The metamorphic role of SUMOylation is conserved, but a regulatory switch from SUMO1 to SUMO3 occurred in derived insects.
  • Insect SUMO3 proteins cannot form polySUMO chains due to lost lysine residues; ectopic human SUMO3 expression is deleterious in Drosophila.

Conclusions:

  • Insect SUMO gene evolution involved duplication and subsequent loss of SUMO1.
  • A regulatory shift in SUMOylation function occurred from SUMO1 to SUMO3 in derived insects.
  • The inability of insect SUMO3 to form polySUMO chains has significant functional implications.