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Related Concept Videos

Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions01:22

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Two primary types of muscle contractions are isotonic and isometric, each serving unique functions and involving distinct mechanisms. Both isotonic and isometric contractions are integral to the body's complex system of movement and stability. Isotonic exercises contribute significantly to functional strength and movement, while isometric contractions are crucial for maintaining posture and joint stability.
Isotonic contractions
Isotonic contractions occur when a muscle changes length while...
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Related Experiment Video

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Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Interhemispheric connectivity during bimanual isometric force generation.

Jinyi Long1, Toshiki Tazoe1, Demetris S Soteropoulos2

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|November 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interhemispheric brain communication, measured by EEG coherence and silent period, changes with bimanual force. Stronger forces reveal an inverse relationship, improving muscle contraction steadiness.

Keywords:
bilateral controlbilateral forcecortico-cortical couplingipsilateral cortical silent periodvoluntary movement

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Interhemispheric interactions via the corpus callosum are crucial for bimanual force control.
  • The modulation of motor cortex connectivity during increasing bimanual force is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how electroencephalographic (EEG) coherence and ipsilateral cortical silent period (iSP) change with increasing bimanual force levels.
  • To explore the relationship between these measures of interhemispheric connectivity and the steadiness of muscle contractions.

Main Methods:

  • Measured EEG-EEG coherence and iSP during unilateral and bilateral index finger abduction at 10%, 40%, and 70% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC).
  • Utilized electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve to further probe the relationship between iSP and alpha frequency coherence.

Main Results:

  • EEG-EEG coherence in the alpha band decreased, while iSP area increased during bilateral compared to unilateral contractions at 40% and 70% MVC.
  • This inverse relationship between alpha coherence and iSP correlated with improved steadiness of bilateral contractions.
  • Electrical stimulation confirmed that increased alpha coherence corresponded to decreased iSP during high-force bilateral contractions.

Conclusions:

  • An inverse relationship exists between alpha oscillations and the iSP during strong bimanual force generation.
  • Interactions between neural pathways for alpha activity and transcallosal inhibition likely contribute to stable bilateral isometric contractions.