Systematic imaging review: Multiple Sclerosis

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Radiology
• Immunology

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory central nervous system disease.
• It is a primary cause of neurological disability globally.
• MS presents with diverse clinical and radiological features that can mimic other conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings in MS.
• To discuss recent advancements in MS imaging techniques.
• To differentiate MS from conditions with similar presentations (mimics).

Main Methods:

• Literature review of MS imaging.
• Analysis of typical and atypical MRI findings in MS.
• Comparison of MS imaging features with those of other neurological diseases.

Main Results:

• MS is characterized by immune-mediated demyelination.
• Radiological findings in MS can overlap with other conditions.
• Distinguishing MS requires careful interpretation of typical MRI findings alongside clinical evolution.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of MS relies on integrating clinical information with characteristic MRI findings.
• Awareness of MS mimics is crucial for correct diagnosis and management.
• Innovations in MRI enhance the ability to diagnose MS and differentiate it from mimics.