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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro
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Oral pigmentation: A review.

C Sreeja1, K Ramakrishnan1, D Vijayalakshmi1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences
|November 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral pigmentations present diverse clinical patterns, from physiological changes to signs of systemic diseases. Understanding these color variations is key for diagnosing oral mucosal conditions and underlying health issues.

Keywords:
Endogenousexogenousoral mucosapigmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Oral pathology
  • Dermatology
  • Internal medicine

Background:

  • Oral pigmentations are common findings with varied etiologies.
  • They can range from benign physiological variations to indicators of serious systemic conditions or malignancies.
  • Color changes in oral mucosa result from endogenous or exogenous pigment deposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize the diverse clinical presentations of oral pigmentations.
  • To highlight the association between oral mucosal color changes and underlying systemic diseases or local pathologies.
  • To provide a framework for understanding the differential diagnosis of oral pigmentations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of oral pigmentations.
  • Classification of pigmentations based on color and potential etiology.
  • Correlation of clinical patterns with histopathological findings and systemic associations.

Main Results:

  • Oral pigmentations manifest in various colors, including blue/purple (vascular lesions), brown (melanotic or heme-associated), and gray/black.
  • These variations can signify physiological states, mucosal diseases, systemic illnesses, or malignancies.
  • Accurate identification of pigmentation type aids in diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

  • Oral pigmentations are significant clinical indicators requiring careful evaluation.
  • Recognizing the spectrum of oral mucosal color changes is crucial for comprehensive patient assessment.
  • Further research into specific etiologies can improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.