Multiple myeloma involving mandible: In an elderly female

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy originating from plasma cells.
• It accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers and 15% of blood-related malignancies.
• Characterized by monoclonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells producing a single immunoglobulin light chain (kappa or lambda).

Observation:

• A 65-year-old female presented with a mandibular swelling.
• Histopathology revealed sheets of plasma cells.
• Radiographic examination showed characteristic 'punched-out' bone lesions in the skull.

Findings:

• The patient exhibited anemia and hypercalcemia.
• Combined clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings confirmed a diagnosis of multiple myeloma.
• The presentation of a unifocal plasmacytoma in the mandible is a rare manifestation.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering multiple myeloma in the differential diagnosis of mandibular lesions.
• Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for effective management of multiple myeloma.
• Highlights the diverse clinical presentations of multiple myeloma, extending beyond typical bone marrow involvement.