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Identifying environmental sounds: a multimodal mapping study.

Barbara Tomasino1, Cinzia Canderan1, Dario Marin1

  • 1Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "E. Medea", Polo Regionale del Friuli Venezia Giulia Udine, Italy.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|November 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Recognizing environmental sounds (ES) is crucial for safety. Both brain hemispheres are involved in processing these sounds, with the superior temporal gyrus (STG) playing a key causal role. Lesions impacting the STG impair ES recognition.

Keywords:
Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysisenvironmental soundsfMRIlesion mappingneurosurgical patients

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Environmental sound (ES) recognition is vital for detecting warnings and hazards.
  • Previous neuroimaging studies suggested several brain regions are involved in ES processing.
  • The precise neural network and causal role of specific areas in ES recognition remain to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the neural network consistently involved in environmental sound (ES) processing using meta-analysis.
  • To investigate the causal role of identified brain regions in ES recognition by studying neurosurgical patients with lesions.
  • To examine functional deregulation in ES processing areas in patients using fMRI compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on ES processing.
  • Assessment of ES recognition abilities in 7 neurosurgical patients with lesions in ALE-identified areas.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study comparing patients with healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • ALE meta-analysis identified bilateral STG/MTG, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus as involved in ES processing.
  • Patients with lesions in these areas showed impaired ES recognition, indicating bilateral hemispheric involvement.
  • The superior temporal gyrus (STG) was frequently lesioned and its damage correlated with ES recognition deficits, highlighting its causal role.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental sound (ES) recognition relies on a bilateral neural network, not exclusively one hemisphere.
  • The superior temporal gyrus (STG) plays a crucial, causal role in processing environmental sounds.
  • Lesions affecting the STG lead to significant deficits in environmental sound recognition.