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Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
Published on: January 7, 2019
TIM-3, a Possible Target for Immunotherapy in Cancer and Chronic Viral Infections
Roger Tieu1, Praveen Kumar Amancha2, François Villinger
1Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, USA.
Abstract:
Effector T-cell responses are controlled by complex mechanisms involving various soluble factors and co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules. These inhibitory receptors act as immune checkpoints and are extensively investigated as possible therapeutic targets, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4. Recently TIM-3 is also gaining prominence in tumor and chronic viral infection models as a candidate for immunotherapy in conjunction with other inhibitory receptors. This review discusses the recent findings on the expression of TIM-3 and its ligand in tumor and chronic viral infection.
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