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Kinematic and ground reaction force accommodation during weighted walking.

C Roger James1, Lee T Atkins1, Hyung Suk Yang1

  • 1Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.

Human Movement Science
|November 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Carrying weights while walking alters body movement and increases ground reaction forces, impacting musculoskeletal loading and stability. Different individuals adopt varied strategies to accommodate added weight during daily activities.

Keywords:
GaitLocomotionMotor processesSingle subject analysisStrategy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Analysis
  • Musculoskeletal Health

Background:

  • Weighted walking is a common daily activity with implications for musculoskeletal loading, injury risk, and falling.
  • Existing research on weighted walking primarily focuses on military, occupational, and recreational contexts, with less understanding of everyday weight carriage adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of carrying everyday weights on walking kinematics and peak ground reaction force (GRF).
  • To explore the relationships between kinematic changes and GRF responses during weighted walking.
  • To identify accommodation strategies employed during daily weight carriage.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty participants walked on a treadmill carrying 0 N, 44.5 N, and 89 N weights.
  • Measurements included peak GRF, sagittal plane joint/segment kinematics, stride length, and center of mass (COM) vertical displacement.
  • Statistical analyses included ANOVA, correlation, and regression, with sub-group analysis based on GRF responses.

Main Results:

  • Weight carriage increased peak GRF beyond the carried weight, reduced stride length, and increased vertical COM displacement.
  • Participants adopted a more extended, upright posture with reduced hip and trunk displacement during weight acceptance.
  • Specific kinematic changes, like decreased hip extension and thigh anterior rotation, correlated with increased GRF, while other changes related to foot and trunk displacement.

Conclusions:

  • Weight carriage significantly alters walking kinematics and GRF, demonstrating varied accommodation strategies.
  • These adaptations have potential implications for musculoskeletal loading, joint stress, and postural stability during daily activities.
  • Understanding these responses is crucial for mitigating risks associated with carrying loads in everyday life.