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Why does multiple sclerosis only affect human primates?

Bert A 't Hart1

  • 1University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Department of Neuroscience, Groningen, The Netherlands hart@bprc.nl.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|November 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humans cannot produce N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), unlike other primates. Dietary Neu5Gc from red meat may trigger multiple sclerosis (MS) by forming targets in the central nervous system for antibody attack.

Keywords:
Axonal lossdemyelinationimmunologymultiple sclerosisprogressive

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Human Biology
  • Dietary Medicine

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a human-exclusive disease, while non-human primates are resistant, despite susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
  • Humans uniquely cannot synthesize N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a sialic acid absent in non-human primates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the discrepancy in MS susceptibility between humans and non-human primates.
  • To explore potential environmental triggers for MS, focusing on dietary factors.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of human and non-human primate biology regarding sialic acid synthesis.
  • Hypothesizing the role of dietary Neu5Gc in MS pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Humans' inability to synthesize Neu5Gc distinguishes them from non-human primates.
  • Dietary Neu5Gc, obtained from red meat, is proposed as a novel environmental risk factor for MS.

Conclusions:

  • Incorporation of dietary Neu5Gc into the central nervous system may create targets for anti-Neu5Gc antibodies.
  • Antibody binding to Neu5Gc could lead to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and myelin damage, initiating MS pathology.