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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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[DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS SENESCENCE].

Houyi Zhu, Feng Wang, Yuntao Wang

    Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi = Zhongguo Xiufu Chongjian Waike Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery
    |November 7, 2015
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) senescence, characterized by altered morphology and function, impacts their clinical use. Understanding senescence mechanisms is key to advancing MSC therapies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Regenerative Medicine
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration.
    • Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest, is a significant challenge in MSC-based therapies.
    • Understanding MSC senescence is vital for optimizing their therapeutic potential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on MSC senescence.
    • To elucidate the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of MSC senescence.

    Main Methods:

    • Extensive review of recent original research articles on MSC senescence.
    • Comprehensive analysis of the gathered literature.

    Main Results:

    • MSC senescence is characterized by morphological changes, reduced proliferation, impaired differentiation capacity, and altered immunoregulation.
    • Key mechanisms driving MSC senescence include telomere shortening, telomerase activity regulation, stress-induced damage, and signaling pathway involvement (e.g., p53/p21, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin).

    Conclusions:

    • Further research into MSC senescence mechanisms is essential.
    • Elucidating these mechanisms will accelerate the clinical application of MSCs.