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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

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The emerging epitranscriptomics of long noncoding RNAs.

Andrew Shafik1, Ulrike Schumann1, Maurits Evers1

  • 1EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Building 131 Garran Road, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|November 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and epitranscriptomics are rapidly advancing fields. This review explores RNA modifications like 5-methylcytidine and N6-methyladenosine in lncRNAs, highlighting their functions.

Keywords:
5-MethylcytidineEditingN6-methyladenosinePseudouridinelncRNAmiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Genome-wide transcription produces abundant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • Epitranscriptomics reveals widespread chemical modifications in RNAs beyond tRNAs.
  • The functions of many lncRNAs and RNA modifications are still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intersection of lncRNA biology and epitranscriptomics.
  • To focus on four key RNA modifications: 5-methylcytidine, N6-methyladenosine, pseudouridine, and adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing.
  • To discuss the incidence and function of these modifications in lncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of transcriptome-wide mapping studies.
  • Analysis of existing data on RNA modifications in lncRNAs.
  • Synthesis of information on the functional impact of these modifications.

Main Results:

  • Four major RNA modifications (5-methylcytidine, N6-methyladenosine, pseudouridine, A-to-I editing) occur in lncRNAs.
  • These modifications are widespread and can influence RNA utilization.
  • Specific examples of modified lncRNAs and their functions are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • RNA modifications play a significant role in lncRNA function.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the epitranscriptomic landscape of lncRNAs.
  • This field holds promise for novel insights into gene regulation and cellular processes.