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The HIV-1 Entry Process: A Stoichiometric View.

Oliver F Brandenberg1, Carsten Magnus2, Roland R Regoes3

  • 1Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Trends in Microbiology
|November 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein trimers needed for cell entry, known as HIV-1 entry stoichiometry, varies between strains. Understanding this stoichiometry is key to assessing viral infectivity and developing effective treatments.

Keywords:
HIV-1 entryHIV-1 transmissionantibody neutralizationenvelope trimermembrane fusionstoichiometry

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • HIV-1 infection initiates via fusion of viral and host cell membranes, a process dependent on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer.
  • HIV-1 entry stoichiometry, the number of trimers mediating fusion, is critical for viral efficacy and infectivity.
  • Previous studies suggested uniform entry stoichiometry, but recent evidence indicates strain-specific variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of HIV-1 entry stoichiometry.
  • To explore the relationship between entry stoichiometry and viral fitness, transmission, and neutralization susceptibility.
  • To identify future research avenues for defining HIV-1 entry stoichiometry.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on HIV-1 entry stoichiometry.
  • Analysis of data on viral entry mechanisms and infectivity.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding strain-specific differences in entry stoichiometry.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 entry stoichiometry is not uniform across all viral strains.
  • Variations in entry stoichiometry influence viral entry fitness and infectivity.
  • Entry stoichiometry impacts susceptibility to antibody neutralization.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-1 entry stoichiometry is a dynamic and strain-dependent characteristic.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of entry stoichiometry in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
  • Defining entry stoichiometry is crucial for developing targeted antiviral strategies and understanding HIV-1 transmission.