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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - an overview about pathophysiologic concepts

Sophie Niedermaier1,2, Anne Hilgendorff3,4

  • 1Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany. Sophie.Niedermaier@med.uni-muenchen.de.

Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics
|November 7, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants impairs lung development, with lasting adult effects. This review explores BPD

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in preterm infants.
  • It results from impaired pulmonary development with lifelong consequences.
  • Key triggers include infection, oxygen toxicity, and mechanical ventilation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of BPD.
  • To explore the interplay of disease mechanisms.
  • To discuss the long-term effects on adult lung aging and repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiologic processes in BPD.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular changes.
  • Discussion of growth factor signaling in disease development and repair.

Main Results:

  • BPD involves sustained inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and apoptosis.
  • Altered growth factor signaling is a key feature.
  • These changes impact the pulmonary scaffold and cellular interface.

Conclusions:

  • BPD's pathophysiology involves complex interactions affecting lung development.
  • Long-term consequences include altered adult lung aging and repair processes.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing BPD's lifelong impact.

Keywords:
AlveolarizationBronchopulmonary dysplasiaExtracellular matrixInflammationLung developmentMechanical ventilationNeonatal chronic lung diseaseOxygenVascularization

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