[Mendelson's syndrome in obstetrics. History or fact?]

The authors analyse Mendelson's original article on the lung disorders caused by inhalation: the clinical aspects, the etiological aspects of the pathology and above all preventive measures to be taken. These are still all of importance. The epidemiological incidence of this condition was tackled by the slant of the INSERM enquiry conducted on the anaesthetists on the one hand and by a retrospective enquiry by the University Department in Bordeaux on the other hand. Reviewing the literature shows that traditional methods of treatment have to be re-examined. These are: pulmonary lavage, treatment with corticosteroids and progress which has been made parallel with progress in respiratory resuscitation especially in severe forms of the condition. Prevention is the most important feature. Endotracheal intubation needs to be carried out when general anaesthetics are employed. The use of anti-H2 substances is increasing. All the same, the most decisive steps will be taken when more local regional anesthesia is used. This should be started in labour wards by further use of epidural analgesia.