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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

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Primary tuberculosis of thyroid.

Ashish Varghese1, Swati Suneha2, Ashok Shaha3

  • 1Otolaryngology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana.

American Journal of Otolaryngology
|November 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary tuberculosis of the thyroid gland is exceptionally rare, even in high TB prevalence areas. This case highlights a rare instance of primary thyroid tuberculosis presenting with acute swelling.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) typically affects the lungs but can manifest in extrapulmonary sites.
  • Thyroid tuberculosis, both primary and secondary, is an exceedingly rare clinical entity.
  • Its occurrence is infrequent even in regions with a high burden of TB.

Observation:

  • A case of primary tuberculosis of the thyroid gland is presented.
  • The patient presented with a sudden onset of thyroid swelling over 20 days.
  • This presentation is unusual given the rarity of thyroid TB.

Findings:

  • The study focuses on a rare case of primary thyroid tuberculosis.
  • The abstract emphasizes the extreme rarity of this condition.
  • The case serves to document an unusual presentation of thyroid TB.

Implications:

  • This case contributes to the limited literature on thyroid tuberculosis.
  • It underscores the importance of considering rare diagnoses in endemic areas.
  • Further research may elucidate diagnostic and treatment strategies for this rare condition.