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Does arteriosclerosis contribute to hemifacial spasm?

Miki Ohta1, Masahito Kobayashi2, Naruhiko Terano2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan. m_johta@saitama-med.ac.jp.

Acta Neurochirurgica
|November 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Arteriosclerosis does not appear to cause hemifacial spasm (HFS). This study found no evidence linking arteriosclerotic changes or risk factors to HFS, suggesting prenatal anatomical factors are more likely involved.

Keywords:
ArteriosclerosisCardio-ankle vascular indexHemifacial spasmWhite matter lesions

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is linked to vascular compression at the facial nerve's root exit zone (REZ).
  • The precise mechanism causing this compression, particularly the role of arterial elongation due to arteriosclerosis, remains unclear.
  • While arteriosclerosis is a potential cause, its frequent association with HFS is not consistently observed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential contribution of arteriosclerotic changes to the pathogenesis of hemifacial spasm (HFS).
  • To determine if risk factors for atherosclerosis and arteriosclerotic indicators differ between HFS patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 111 Japanese HFS patients and healthy Japanese controls.
  • Assessed prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus as atherosclerosis risk factors.
  • Measured cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) for arteriosclerosis and white matter lesions (WMLs) via MRI.

Main Results:

  • HFS patients did not exhibit higher prevalence rates of atherosclerosis risk factors compared to the general Japanese population.
  • Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) scores in HFS patients were comparable to or lower than controls, except in men aged 60-69.
  • Severity of white matter lesions (WMLs) was not significantly worse in HFS patients than in controls.

Conclusions:

  • Arteriosclerotic changes are unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of hemifacial spasm (HFS).
  • Vascular compression syndromes causing HFS may be attributed to anatomical characteristics of intracranial arteries and facial nerves established during prenatal development.