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Related Concept Videos

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
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Membrane Transporters01:31

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
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ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
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Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
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The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB): recent advances.

Milton H Saier1, Vamsee S Reddy2, Brian V Tsu3

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA msaier@ucsd.edu.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 8, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) is a vital resource for transport protein research, offering comprehensive data on over 10,000 systems. This update details new features and recent discoveries in transporter science.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) is a key resource for transport protein research.
  • It is the sole transport protein classification database endorsed by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive update of the TCDB database contents and features.
  • To summarize recent discoveries in transport protein research documented within TCDB.

Main Methods:

  • Database curation and content enrichment.
  • Development of updated analytical software for transport proteins.
  • Integration of structural, functional, mechanistic, evolutionary, and disease-related information.

Main Results:

  • TCDB now includes over 10,000 non-redundant transport systems and more than 1,100 reference citations.
  • Transporters are classified into a hierarchical system of over 1,000 families.
  • The database provides detailed information on single and multi-component transport systems across all organism types.

Conclusions:

  • TCDB remains an indispensable, freely accessible reference for the scientific community.
  • The updated database and associated software enhance the analysis and understanding of transport proteins.
  • TCDB facilitates research into transporter function, evolution, and disease relevance.