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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
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Cross-modal influence on oral size perception.

Parker Crutchfield1, Connor Mahoney1, Vanessa Pazdernik2

  • 1Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, 800 West Jefferson St., Kirksville, Missouri 63501, USA.

Archives of Oral Biology
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People commonly misjudge oral size, experiencing an oral size illusion. This study found that prior sensory experiences significantly altered the illusion's magnitude and direction.

Keywords:
Digital perceptionOral perceptionSize illusionVisual perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • The oral size illusion, where perceived oral size is inaccurate, is known but not fully understood.
  • Previous research indicates common inaccuracies in judging oral size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the existence of an oral size illusion.
  • To quantify the magnitude and direction of this illusion.
  • To investigate the influence of preceding cross-modal sensory experiences on the illusion.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-seven participants orally assessed stainless steel spheres (1/16 to 1/2 inch).
  • Participants matched sphere sizes with digital and visual references across control and experimental conditions.
  • Experimental conditions involved cross-modal priming with same or different-sized spheres prior to oral assessment.

Main Results:

  • Control assessments showed consistent underestimation of small/medium spheres and overestimation of big spheres.
  • Experimental assessments revealed that the magnitude and direction of the oral size illusion were influenced by the size of the primed object.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms an oral size illusion, with its direction dependent on object size.
  • Cross-modal experiences prior to oral assessment significantly affected the illusion's magnitude and direction.
  • Oral perception is influenced by factors beyond oral anatomy and stimulus properties.