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Updated: Mar 30, 2026
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Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
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[Facial femalization in transgenders]
Refu'At Ha-Peh Veha-Shinayim (1993)
|November 10, 2015
Summary
Facial feminization surgery (FFS) alters male facial features to align with female aesthetics. This study details surgical techniques for forehead, brow, jaw, and chin reshaping to enhance gender congruence.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Maxillofacial Surgery
- Gender Affirming Care
Context:
- Transsexualism involves a gender identity mismatch, often necessitating medical interventions.
- Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a key component of gender reassignment for male-to-female individuals.
- Masculine facial features, particularly the forehead and jawline, can be modified to achieve a more feminine appearance.
Purpose:
- To describe surgical techniques for facial feminization, focusing on the forehead, brow, mandible, and chin.
- To detail the combined approach of cranioplasty, brow lift, and mandibular/chin reshaping.
- To achieve aesthetic and gender-affirming facial characteristics.
Summary:
- Forehead feminization involves cranioplasty and reduction of the glabella (frontal bossing).
- Brow lift is achieved through soft tissue management after forehead contouring.
- Mandibular angle reduction (osteotomy) and chin reshaping (genioplasty) create a smaller, rounder, and pointier jawline.
Impact:
- FFS significantly impacts gender perception and patient satisfaction.
- Surgical feminization of the forehead and jawline are crucial for aligning facial features with female aesthetic ideals.
- This surgical approach enhances gender congruence and improves quality of life for transgender women.
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