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IL‑33 and kidney disease (Review).

Feifei Yang1, Ping Zhu1, Lihua Duan2

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Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a cytokine involved in kidney injury and fibrosis. This review explores IL-33's role in various kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a novel cytokine in the IL-1 superfamily.
  • IL-33 functions both intracellularly as a nuclear factor and extracellularly as a cytokine.
  • Its expression is found in various human and mouse tissues and cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental biology of IL-33.
  • To discuss the association between IL-33 and the pathogenesis of kidney diseases.
  • To highlight IL-33's role in renal fibrosis and injury.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on IL-33.
  • Analysis of IL-33's signaling pathways and receptor interactions.
  • Examination of IL-33's involvement in different kidney disease models.

Main Results:

  • IL-33 interacts with ST2 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein to activate NF-κB and MAPK pathways.
  • Activation of these pathways leads to the production of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-3) from T helper 2 cells.
  • IL-33 is implicated in chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, lupus erythematosus, renal graft damage, and acute kidney injury.

Conclusions:

  • IL-33 plays a significant role in the development and progression of various kidney diseases.
  • Understanding IL-33 biology is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for kidney disorders.
  • Further research into IL-33's mechanisms in renal pathology is warranted.