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Related Concept Videos

Damped Oscillations01:07

Damped Oscillations

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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
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Types of Damping01:20

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If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
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Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
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Design Example: Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit01:17

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Consider designing an oscillator circuit, a crucial component in various electronic devices and systems. The objective is to create an oscillator circuit with specific characteristics: a damped natural frequency of 4 kHz and a damping factor of 4 radians per second. To accomplish this, a parallel RLC circuit is employed, known for its ability to sustain oscillations at a resonant frequency. In this case, the damping factor is pivotal in achieving the desired performance.
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If a driven oscillator needs to resonate at a specific frequency, then very light damping is required. An example of light damping includes playing piano strings and many other musical instruments. Conversely, to achieve small-amplitude oscillations as in a car's suspension system, heavy damping is required. Heavy damping reduces the amplitude, but the tradeoff is that the system responds at more frequencies. Speed bumps and gravel roads prove that even a car's suspension system is not...
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Relaxation damping in oscillating contacts.

M Popov1,2, V L Popov1,2,3, R Pohrt1

  • 1Berlin University of Technology, 10623 Berlin, Germany.

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|November 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel "relaxation damping" effect in elastic contacts generates energy dissipation without friction. This phenomenon

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Area of Science:

  • Tribology
  • Solid Mechanics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Friction and material dissipation are primary mechanisms for energy loss in contacting bodies.
  • Existing models often overlook unique damping phenomena in purely elastic contacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel damping mechanism in elastic contacts, termed 'relaxation damping'.
  • To analytically determine the energy dissipation rate for axially-symmetric contacts under normal and tangential oscillations.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of elastic contact under superimposed normal and tangential oscillations.
  • Derivation of closed-form analytical solutions for energy dissipation.
  • Analysis of different oscillation frequency regimes and amplitude dependencies.

Main Results:

  • Identified 'relaxation damping' as a friction-independent energy dissipation mechanism.
  • Derived analytical solutions for energy dissipation, dependent on oscillation amplitudes and phase shifts.
  • Dissipation scales with frequency ratios for high-frequency normal and low-frequency tangential oscillations.

Conclusions:

  • Relaxation damping is a significant factor in elastic contact dynamics, distinct from frictional losses.
  • The findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding energy dissipation in vibration and contact mechanics.
  • The study discusses extensions to rough surfaces and finite friction scenarios.