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In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System
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Near-infrared (NIR) up-conversion optogenetics.

Shoko Hososhima1, Hideya Yuasa2, Toru Ishizuka1

  • 1Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|November 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel optogenetic system using lanthanide nanoparticles (LNPs) to activate channelrhodopsin (ChR) with near-infrared light. This breakthrough enables deeper tissue penetration for neural manipulation, though energy efficiency needs improvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Non-invasive neural manipulation is crucial for understanding brain networks and treating neurological disorders.
  • Optogenetics allows optical control of neuronal activity using photo-reactive proteins like channelrhodopsin (ChR).
  • Visible light used by ChR2 has limited tissue penetration, hindering deep brain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an optogenetic system activated by near-infrared (NIR) light for deeper tissue penetration.
  • To utilize lanthanide nanoparticles (LNPs) for up-conversion of NIR light to activate ChRs.
  • To create a novel donor LNP and acceptor ChR system for remote neural control.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized lanthanide nanoparticles (LNPs) capable of absorbing NIR light.
  • Engineered LNPs to emit visible light via up-conversion upon NIR irradiation.
  • Developed an optogenetic system combining LNPs as donors and ChRs as acceptors in cells.
  • Irradiated the system with NIR lasers to induce ChR-mediated cellular responses.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful activation of ChRs using visible light emitted from LNPs.
  • Showcased NIR light-induced photo-reactive responses in ChR-expressing cells.
  • Established a proof-of-concept for an LNP-ChR optogenetic system.
  • Identified potential for significant enhancement in energy efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The developed LNP-ChR system offers a promising approach for deep-tissue optogenetic manipulation.
  • NIR light activation overcomes the penetration limitations of visible light in optogenetics.
  • Further optimization is required to improve the energy efficiency of the LNP-ChR system for clinical translation.