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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Endometrial stem/progenitor cells: the first 10 years.

Caroline E Gargett1, Kjiana E Schwab2, James A Deane3

  • 1The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia caroline.gargett@hudson.org.au.

Human Reproduction Update
|November 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Endometrial stem/progenitor cells, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), exhibit therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. Further research is needed to clarify cell identities and their roles in endometrial disorders.

Keywords:
adenomyosisendometrial stem cellsendometriosisendometriumepithelial progenitor cellsimmunomodulationmenstrual bloodmesenchymal stem cellsregenerative medicinesushi domain containing-2

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Functional evidence for endometrial stem/progenitor cells emerged in 2004, sparking research into rare epithelial and stromal populations.
  • Over 10 years, significant advancements have been made in identifying and characterizing these cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on endometrial stem/progenitor cells and their potential applications.
  • To highlight the characteristics and therapeutic promise of endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSCs).

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted using PubMed with terms 'endometrial stem cells' and 'menstrual blood stem cells' up to December 2014.
  • Analysis focused on identified stem/progenitor cell populations, their markers, and differentiation potential.

Main Results:

  • Endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) share properties with bone marrow MSCs and can be identified by markers like CD146 and SUSD2.
  • Stromal fibroblasts from endometrial tissue and menstrual blood show MSC characteristics and multilineage differentiation potential.
  • Endometrial MSCs (eMSCs) and menstrual blood stromal fibroblasts are promising for regenerative medicine due to ease of acquisition and therapeutic potential, with ongoing clinical trials for various conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Despite progress, challenges remain in standardizing terminology and understanding the hierarchy of different endometrial stem/progenitor cell populations.
  • Further research, including genetic animal models and advanced sequencing techniques, is needed to elucidate their roles in endometrial disorders and their regulation.