Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

135
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
135
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.6K
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

189
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
189
Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

1.9K
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
1.9K
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

168
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
168
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

170
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
170

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Third Generation Genome Sequencing of the Endobacterium Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii subsp. demodicis Reveals Details of Its Microbe-Host-Interaction With the Most Complex Human Commensal, Demodex folliculorum.

Environmental microbiology reports·2026
Same author

The International Guideline for the Definition, Classification, Diagnosis and Management of Urticaria.

Allergy·2026
Same author

Shaping the Future of Respiratory Care: A Look Into the Next Decade and Strategic Recommendations by the European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airways Diseases.

Chest·2026
Same author

Ex Vivo Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Real-Time Pattern and Single-Cell Analysis in Inflammatory Skin Diseases.

Experimental dermatology·2025
Same author

Prenatal detection and outcome of major heart defects in a country with universal screening.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2025
Same author

Precision at the Cutting Edge: Ex Vivo Confocal Microscopy for Perioperative Tumour Thickness Assessment in Melanoma.

Experimental dermatology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

3.4K

Adverse cutaneous drug eruptions: current understanding.

W Hoetzenecker1, M Nägeli2, E T Mehra3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. wolfram.hoetzenecker@usz.ch.

Seminars in Immunopathology
|November 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Severe cutaneous drug reactions, including AGEP, DRESS, SJS, and TEN, are life-threatening. Early recognition of red flags and understanding pathophysiology are crucial for prompt treatment and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
AGEPAdverse cutaneous drug eruptionsDRESSMaculopapular rashStevens-Johnson syndromeToxic epidermal necrolysis

More Related Videos

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
08:25

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Published on: September 26, 2022

3.7K
A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
07:22

A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

3.4K
Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
08:25

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Published on: September 26, 2022

3.7K
A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
07:22

A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDRs) pose a significant global health burden.
  • While most ACDRs are benign, severe forms like AGEP, DRESS, SJS, and TEN are life-threatening, accounting for up to 2% of eruptions.
  • Rapid identification and treatment are critical for managing these severe reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing red flags for severe cutaneous drug eruptions.
  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of ACDRs.
  • To emphasize the need for timely medical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical classifications and treatment strategies for ACDRs.
  • Analysis of recent research on the underlying mechanisms of severe cutaneous drug reactions.
  • Identification of genetic and immunological factors contributing to ACDRs.

Main Results:

  • Severe ACDRs such as AGEP, DRESS, SJS, and TEN require immediate medical attention.
  • Genetic susceptibilities are linked to SJS/TEN.
  • Viral reactivation is implicated in DRESS.
  • Tissue-resident memory T cells play a role in fixed drug eruptions.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians must be vigilant for red flags indicating severe cutaneous drug eruptions.
  • Advances in pathophysiology, including genetics and immunology, enhance understanding of ACDRs.
  • Improved knowledge facilitates earlier diagnosis and more effective management of life-threatening drug reactions.