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Updated: Mar 30, 2026
Preparation and Characterization of SDF-1α-Chitosan-Dextran Sulfate Nanoparticles
Published on: January 22, 2015
Sodium Acetate Coated Tenofovir-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Improved Physico-Chemical Properties
Albert N Ngo1, Miezan J M Ezoulin1, James B Murowchick2
1Laboratory of Future Nanomedicines and Theoretical Chronopharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, New Health Sciences Building, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, USA.
Purpose:
It is hypothesized that sodium acetate (SA) can be used for in situ coating of drug loaded chitosan NPs for improved physico-chemical properties.
Methods:
Tenofovir (TFV) is used as a model drug. Uncoated chitosan NPs are prepared by ionic gelation. SA is generated in situ from half neutralization of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide, and coats chitosan NPs during freeze-drying. The NPs' physico-chemical properties [e.g., particle mean diameters (PMD) zeta potential (ζ), EE%, drug release profile, morphology] are characterized by dynamic light scattering, spectrophotometry, Korsmeyer-Peppas model, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Melting point (MP), non-aqueous titration, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) pattern evaluate the SA coated chitosan NPs. The NPs' cytotoxicity on macrophages Raw 264.7 is assessed by neutral red, resazurin, nitrite oxide (NO) and cytokines assays.
Results:
Collectively, FTIR, ζ, XRD, MP, and TEM data confirm that SA coats chitosan NPs. The PMD range is 136-348 nm (uncoated) and 171-379 nm (coated NPs). The ζ values range is +24.3-28.5 mV (uncoated) and 0.1-3.1 mV (coated NPs). The EE% ranges from 5.5 to 11.7% (uncoated NPs) and increased up to 86.3-92.7%(8-17-fold) after coating. The SA also prevents NPs aggregation during the freeze-drying and aqueous dispersion. The core-shell NPs exhibited a sustain release of TFV following anomalous transport mechanism (R(2) ~ 0.99). The coated NPs are non-cytotoxic (cell viability ~100%) and without any proinflammatory response.
Conclusions:
This SA coating chitosan NPs mechanism may be useful for (i) efficient encapsulation, (ii) stabilizing colloidal dispersions, (iii) controlling the release and solubility of bioactive agents.
