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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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Chemotherapy in pregnancy.

Siew-Fei Ngu1, Hextan Y S Ngan1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|November 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer during pregnancy is rare but increasing. This review examines chemotherapy"s risks and benefits for pregnant women and their babies, discussing management strategies.

Keywords:
cancerchemotherapymalformationpregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Oncology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Cancer complicating pregnancy is uncommon (0.02%-0.1%) but rising due to advanced maternal age.
  • Common cancers include breast, cervical, melanoma, and lymphoma.
  • Managing pregnancy-associated cancer involves balancing maternal treatment with fetal safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on chemotherapeutic agent use during pregnancy.
  • To summarize neonatal outcomes, including malformations and perinatal complications.
  • To discuss management strategies for cancer diagnosed during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on chemotherapy use in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of neonatal outcomes and long-term follow-up data.
  • Synthesis of clinical management approaches.

Main Results:

  • First-trimester chemotherapy increases birth defect risk.
  • Second and third-trimester chemotherapy can cause intrauterine growth restriction, low birthweight, and stillbirth.
  • Neonatal outcomes vary based on gestational age and chemotherapy type.

Conclusions:

  • Chemotherapy in pregnancy presents significant risks to fetal development.
  • Careful consideration of gestational age and drug choice is crucial.
  • Multidisciplinary management plans are essential for optimal outcomes.