Resisted Sled Sprint Training to Improve Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Biomechanics
• Exercise Physiology

Background:

• Resisted sled sprint (RSS) training is a novel method with potential to enhance sprint acceleration and maximal velocity.
• Optimal training volume and intensity for RSS across different populations remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the effectiveness of RSS training compared to unresisted sprint (URS) training.
• To investigate the impact of varying sled loads on RSS training outcomes.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies using PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases.
• Inclusion criteria focused on longitudinal RSS interventions with sled towing devices.
• Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were used to quantify training effects.

Main Results:

• Light sled loads (<10%BM or <10%Vdec) showed small decrements in acceleration and moderate improvements in maximal velocity.
• 'Moderate' to 'very heavy' sled loads yielded significant improvements in acceleration for strength-trained athletes.
• The superiority of RSS over URS training for improving acceleration or maximal velocity remains equivocal.

Conclusions:

• RSS training offers potential benefits for sprint performance, but conclusive evidence of its superiority over URS training is lacking.
• Discrepancies in participant training status, phase, and sled load prescription limit between-study comparisons.
• Future research should define optimal RSS loads and volumes for specific sprint performance enhancements.