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Neurotoxic effects of oxygen in hyperbaric environment: A case report
Vojnosanitetski Pregled
|November 12, 2015
Summary
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can cause neurotoxicity, mimicking epilepsy. Re-exposure to hyperbaric conditions improved symptoms, highlighting the importance of controlled oxygen use in hyperbaric treatments.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Hyperbaric Medicine
- Toxicology
Background:
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves breathing pure oxygen at increased atmospheric pressure.
- While beneficial, uncontrolled HBOT can lead to oxygen toxicity, a serious condition.
- Oxygen toxicity can manifest in various ways, including neurological symptoms.
Observation:
- A 20-year-old male experienced epilepsy-like symptoms during a hyperbaric oxygen test with 100% oxygen.
- Symptoms included loss of consciousness, foaming at the mouth, and tonic spasms.
- Post-exposure, the patient exhibited muscle/joint pain and skin redness, with elevated inflammatory markers and enzymes.
Findings:
- Epilepsy diagnosis was ruled out due to normal CT and EEG.
- The patient's symptoms and laboratory markers improved after re-exposure to hyperbaric conditions (2.0 ATA).
- This suggests the observed symptoms were neurotoxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen, not seizures.
Implications:
- Clinicians should consider oxygen neurotoxicity in patients presenting with seizure-like symptoms during HBOT.
- Controlled use of oxygen, including limiting pressure and duration, is crucial in hyperbaric treatments.
- Prompt recognition and appropriate management, potentially including re-exposure, can lead to recovery from oxygen toxicity.
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