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Updated: Mar 30, 2026
Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics
Published on: July 23, 2020
A method for continuous and stable perfusion of tissue and single cell preparations with accurate concentrations of
Nicky Huskens1, Peadar O'Donohoe2, James R Wickens3
1Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
Background:
It is difficult to design a system to reliably deliver volatile anaesthetics such as halothane or isoflurane to in vitro preparations such as tissues or cells cultures: the very volatility of the drugs means that they can rapidly dissipate from even carefully-prepared solutions. Furthermore, many experiments require the control of other gases (such as oxygen or carbon dioxide) which requires constant perfusion.
New Method:
We describe a constant perfusion system that is air-tight (i.e., allows the accurate administration of hypoxic or hypercapnic gas mixtures), in which volatile anaesthetic is delivered via calibrated vaporisers by constant bubbling into the perfusing solution (and continuously monitored for stability by infrared spectroscopy in the headspace above the solution).
Results:
We have confirmed the accuracy (i.e., linear relationship of dissolved concentrations with vapour dial settings) and stability (i.e., over time) of the anaesthetic concentrations in solutions in samples taken from the bottles into which anaesthetic is bubbled, and from samples taken from the tissue perfusion bath, using gas chromatrography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Conclusions:
It is possible to deliver volatile anaesthetics in accurate concentrations to cell/tissue preparations whilst adjusting ambient air composition rapidly, stable over sustained time periods.
