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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Working Memory, Reasoning, and Task Switching Training: Transfer Effects, Limitations, and Great Expectations?

Pauline L Baniqued1,2, Courtney M Allen1, Michael B Kranz1,2

  • 1Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America.

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Summary

This study found that the "Mind Frontiers" cognitive training program modestly improved working memory and perceptual speed but did not enhance fluid intelligence or other cognitive domains. Further research is needed to confirm its utility.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Cognitive training's ability to produce far transfer, or improvements in untrained cognitive domains, is debated, particularly for fluid intelligence.
  • Previous studies often lack controls for expectancy and use less engaging training methods.
  • The "Mind Frontiers" program offers an adaptive, video game-based approach to cognitive enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of the "Mind Frontiers" cognitive training program in improving various cognitive abilities, including fluid intelligence.
  • To address limitations of prior studies by including expectancy assessments and an active control group.
  • To determine if integrated cognitive training targeting working memory, executive function, reasoning, and problem-solving leads to broad cognitive improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety participants engaged in 20 training sessions (1.5 hours each) over 4-5 weeks.
  • The experimental group (n=45) played the "Mind Frontiers" program.
  • The control group (n=45) performed visual search and change detection tasks.

Main Results:

  • The "Mind Frontiers" group showed significant improvements in working memory (n-back tests), perceptual speed, and reaction time in reasoning tasks.
  • No significant improvements were observed in reasoning accuracy, other working memory measures, or composite scores for episodic memory, attention, or multi-tasking.
  • Perceived self-improvement did not differ between groups, though a general expectancy difference in problem-solving was noted but not correlated with training gains.

Conclusions:

  • The "Mind Frontiers" program demonstrated modest efficacy in enhancing specific cognitive functions like working memory and perceptual speed.
  • The training did not yield significant improvements in fluid intelligence or broader cognitive domains, suggesting limited far transfer.
  • More research is necessary to fully establish the effectiveness of "Mind Frontiers" as a cognitive training tool.