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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Kyle A Pettijohn1, Gabriel A Radvansky1

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Memory for objects is impaired when people move between locations, not due to time delays or processing disruption, but likely due to managing multiple event models, according to event cognition theory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory
  • Event Cognition Theory

Background:

  • Event cognition theory posits that experience is segmented into distinct event models.
  • Object memory can be affected by location changes, a phenomenon known as the location updating effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the location updating effect on object recognition memory.
  • To differentiate between retention interval, cognitive disruption, and multiple event model management as causes for memory impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments utilized virtual environments where participants navigated and interacted with objects.
  • Recognition memory was tested after location shifts versus continuous presence.
  • Experiment 1 measured travel times to rule out retention interval differences.
  • Experiment 2 introduced delays to assess cognitive disruption.

Main Results:

  • Travel times were similar across conditions, excluding retention interval as the primary cause.
  • Introducing a delay before memory probes did not alter the observed memory impairment.
  • The location updating effect persisted, suggesting other factors are at play.

Conclusions:

  • The location updating effect on object memory is not explained by retention intervals or temporary cognitive disruption.
  • Findings support the event horizon model, where managing multiple event models with shared elements causes retrieval interference.
  • Retrieval interference from managing multiple event models significantly compromises object recognition memory performance.