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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
873
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

5.4K
Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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Overview of the Axial Skeleton01:09

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

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The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

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[Scapular fractures].

J Bartoníček, M Tuček, O Naňka

    Rozhledy V Chirurgii : Mesicnik Ceskoslovenske Chirurgicke Spolecnosti
    |November 12, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Scapular fractures are complex musculoskeletal injuries often linked to severe chest trauma. Current classifications need revision, and displaced fractures benefit from operative treatment within three weeks, ideally at specialized centers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic surgery
    • Musculoskeletal traumatology

    Background:

    • Scapular fractures present diagnostic and treatment challenges in trauma care.
    • These injuries frequently accompany severe thoracic trauma.
    • Fundamental anatomical and clinical knowledge is crucial for understanding scapular fractures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of scapular fractures.
    • To highlight diagnostic and treatment considerations.
    • To suggest improvements in classification and management strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on scapular fractures.
    • Analysis of diagnostic imaging techniques, including Neer projections and 3D CT.
    • Discussion of current and proposed fracture classifications.
    • Evaluation of operative versus non-operative treatment indications and timing.

    Main Results:

    • Scapular fractures require thorough anatomical and clinical assessment.
    • Radiographic examination, particularly 3D CT, is essential for diagnosis.
    • Existing classifications may not accurately represent fracture types.
    • Operative treatment is recommended for displaced fractures, with a flexible treatment window of up to three weeks.

    Conclusions:

    • Scapular fractures are severe injuries necessitating specialized care.
    • Revision of current classification systems is needed.
    • Timely, specialized intervention, including operative treatment for displaced fractures, improves outcomes.