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Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Monitoring Breast Cancer Growth and Metastatic Colony Formation in Mice using Bioluminescence
Published on: November 5, 2021
γKlotho is a novel marker and cell survival factor in a subset of triple negative breast cancers
Nuša Trošt1,2, Samuel Peña-Llopis2, Sajjan Koirala3
1Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Abstract:
Over the last decade, breast cancer mortality has declined. However, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a challenging problem mostly due to early recurrence and lack of molecularly driven treatments. There is a critical need to identify subgroups of TNBC with common molecular features that can be therapeutically targeted. Here we show that in contrast to Klotho and βKlotho, the third member of the Klotho protein family, γKlotho, is overexpressed in more than 60% of TNBCs and correlates with poorer disease progression. Furthermore, we find that γKlotho is expressed in a subset of TNBC cell lines promoting cell growth. Importantly, we demonstrate that in these cells γKlotho is necessary for cell survival and that its depletion leads to constitutive ERK activation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Interestingly, we observe increased oxidative stress in γKlotho-depleted cells suggesting that γKlotho enables cancer cells to cope with an oxidative environment and that cells become dependent on its expression to maintain this survival advantage. These findings indicate that γKlotho might be a potential marker for patients that would benefit from treatments that alter oxidative stress and constitutes a novel drug target for a subset of TN breast cancers.
Insights
γKlotho, a protein, is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), driving tumor growth and survival. Targeting γKlotho may offer new therapeutic strategies for TNBC patients, particularly those with oxidative stress vulnerabilities.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has high recurrence rates and lacks targeted therapies.
- Identifying TNBC subgroups with specific molecular features is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of γKlotho in TNBC.
- To determine if γKlotho can be a therapeutic target for TNBC.
Main Methods:
- γKlotho expression analysis in TNBC tissues and cell lines.
- Functional studies involving γKlotho depletion in TNBC cells.
- Assessment of cell survival, cell cycle, apoptosis, ERK activation, and oxidative stress.
Main Results:
- γKlotho is overexpressed in over 60% of TNBCs, correlating with poor prognosis.
- γKlotho promotes TNBC cell growth and is essential for cell survival.
- γKlotho depletion causes ERK activation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and increased oxidative stress.
- TNBC cells become dependent on γKlotho for survival in oxidative environments.
Conclusions:
- γKlotho is a potential biomarker for identifying TNBC patients who may benefit from oxidative stress-modulating therapies.
- γKlotho represents a novel therapeutic target for a subset of TNBCs.

