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A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
Published on: May 6, 2014
Role of Nucleotide-binding and Oligomerization Domain 2 Protein (NOD2) in the Development of Atherosclerosis
1Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Tumor Heterogeneity and Network (THEN) Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
Abstract:
NOD2 (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2) was initially reported as a susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease, with several studies focused on elucidating its molecular mechanism in the progression of Crohn's disease. We now know that NOD2 is an intracellular bacterial sensing receptor, and that MDP-mediated NOD2 activation drives inflammatory signaling. Various mutations in NOD2 have been reported, with NOD2 loss of function being associated with the development of Crohn's disease and other autoimmune diseases. These results suggest that NOD2 not only has an immune stimulatory function, but also an immune regulatory function. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall; its pathologic progression is highly dependent on the immune balance. This immune balance is regulated by infiltrating monocytes and macrophages, both of which express NOD2. These findings indicate a potential role of NOD2 in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this review is to outline the known roles of NOD2 signaling in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Insights
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) plays a dual role in immune regulation. This review explores NOD2
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular receptor sensing bacterial components.
- NOD2 activation by MDP triggers inflammatory signaling pathways.
- NOD2 mutations are linked to Crohn's disease and autoimmune disorders, indicating immune regulatory functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the known roles of NOD2 signaling in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
- To explore the potential involvement of NOD2 in the immune mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on NOD2 function and atherosclerosis.
- Analysis of NOD2 expression in monocytes and macrophages.
- Examination of NOD2 signaling pathways in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Main Results:
- NOD2 is expressed in monocytes and macrophages, key cells in atherosclerosis.
- NOD2 signaling influences immune balance, crucial for arterial wall inflammation.
- Evidence suggests a potential role for NOD2 in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Conclusions:
- NOD2 possesses both immune stimulatory and regulatory functions.
- NOD2 signaling is implicated in the immune pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
- Further research into NOD2's role may reveal therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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