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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

7.6K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
7.6K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

4.2K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
4.2K
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

4.7K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
4.7K
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

6.0K
The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
6.0K
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

634
Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
634
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

7.2K
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
7.2K

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Vitamin D supplementation: still a challenge for rheumatologists!

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing a Rat Model for Weight-Bearing Intervention to Investigate Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
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Author Spotlight: Developing a Rat Model for Weight-Bearing Intervention to Investigate Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

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Glucocorticoids: bad or safe for the bones?

Willem F Lems1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.

RMD Open
|November 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary

New rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatments targeting remission can prevent bone loss. Further research is needed to confirm if these strategies reduce fracture risk in RA patients.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Conventional rheumatoid arthritis (RA) monotherapy often results in persistent disease, functional decline, and reduced quality of life.
  • High-dose glucocorticoids (GCs) and active RA contribute to generalized bone loss and fractures, with GCs also possessing potent immunosuppressive effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of modern RA treatment strategies, including biologics and methotrexate, on achieving clinical remission and mitigating bone loss.
  • To assess the effectiveness of a treat-to-target strategy in preventing local and generalized bone loss in early RA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis, including monotherapy, biologics (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-blockers), methotrexate, and glucocorticoids.
Keywords:
CorticosteroidsOsteoporosisRheumatoid Arthritis

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  • Analysis of the "treat-to-target" strategy aimed at achieving clinical remission or low disease activity in early RA patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Introduction of biologics and methotrexate has made clinical remission achievable in approximately half of early RA patients.
    • A treat-to-target strategy can inhibit systemic inflammation's negative effects on bone, limiting or preventing local joint bone loss and generalized bone loss at the spine and hips.

    Conclusions:

    • Modern RA therapies, particularly when guided by a treat-to-target approach, offer a realistic path to remission and can protect bone health.
    • Further investigation is required to determine if achieving remission in RA translates to a reduction in vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. Bone loss remains a concern in other rheumatic diseases with less effective treatments.