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Published on: October 2, 2020
Laboratory Profiles of Patients on Hemodialysis - A Retrospective One Year Study in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital
Udipi Badikillaya Vijayalakshmi1, Manasa Rayidi2
1Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation (Dr. PSIMS & RF) Chinnavutapalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India .
Insights
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis often present with moderate anemia, hypertension, and hypocalcemia. Early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease are crucial, especially with rising diabetes and hypertension rates in India.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Internal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 8-16% globally, with anemia contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, termed
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the laboratory profiles of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis.
- To establish baseline laboratory data for ESRD patients in a rural Indian population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
- Data collected from 140 hemodialysis patients over one year (2014).
- Key laboratory parameters analyzed: hemoglobin, serum electrolytes, glucose, calcium, and phosphorus.
Main Results:
- The study population had a mean age of 53.5 years.
- Moderate anemia was prevalent in all patients.
- Significant differences observed in blood pressure, creatinine, and urea between sexes; mean serum calcium levels were low.
Conclusions:
- This study highlights a younger ESRD population with moderate anemia, hypertension, and hypocalcemia in a rural area.
- Elevated serum phosphorus and low calcium are associated with increased mortality risk.
- Prompt diagnosis and management of CKD are essential given the rise in diabetes and hypertension in India.
Introduction:
The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to be 8-16%. Studies have shown that the increased mortality in patients with CKD is due to anemia that leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD), also known as "Cardio renal anemia syndrome". The present study was undertaken to look into the laboratory profiles of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.
Aim:
To study the laboratory profiles of End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients coming for hemodialysis.
Materials And Methods:
The study was a retrospective, cross- sectional study done by collecting data from the medical case records of all patients during a period of one year from January 1(st) 2014 to December 31(st) 2014. Records of a total of 140 patients who underwent hemodialysis during this period were taken. The laboratory profiles that was recorded included haemoglobin, serum sodium, potassium, chloride, fasting glucose, calcium and phosphorus.
Results:
The mean age of the subjects was 53.5±14.5 yrs. All the patients had moderate anaemia. There was a significant difference in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine and serum urea values between males and females. The mean serum calcium levels were low.
Conclusion:
The present study is the first such study in this rural area and shows evidence of a relatively young population with ESRD having moderate anaemia and hypertension. There is evidence of hypocalcaemia and serum phosphorus is on the higher end of the normal range. These findings are usually associated with a higher risk of mortality. With the explosion of diabetes and hypertension in India, chronic kidney disease should be diagnosed and managed as early as possible if not prevented.
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