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Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with coronary artery disease in Saudi Arabia
Siraj O Wali1, Muath A Alsharif1, Mohammed H Albanji1
1Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in Saudi Arabia. Over half of CAD patients studied had OSA, with many experiencing moderate to severe cases, highlighting a significant co-occurrence.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Sleep Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to coronary artery disease (CAD).
- Limited research exists on OSA prevalence in Saudi Arabian CAD patients.
- This study addresses the knowledge gap in the region.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD).
- To investigate the association between OSA and CAD within a Saudi Arabian population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah.
- 156 patients with CAD undergoing coronary angiography were assessed.
- The STOP-BANG questionnaire identified high-risk individuals, followed by polysomnography (PSG) for 50% of them.
Main Results:
- 82% of CAD patients were at high risk for OSA based on the STOP-BANG score.
- Polysomnography (PSG) was performed on 48 patients.
- The estimated prevalence of OSA among these CAD patients was 56.4%, with 61% having moderate to severe OSA.
Conclusions:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in Saudi Arabia.
- Findings align with international literature, emphasizing the common co-occurrence of OSA and CAD.
- Highlights the need for screening OSA in CAD patients in the region.
Background:
Despite the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and coronary artery disease (CAD), few studies have investigated this issue in Saudi Arabia.
Objectives:
This study aimed to identify the prevalence of OSA among CAD patients.
Subjects And Methods:
This was a cross-sectional (descriptive) study conducted at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from April 2012 to December 2013. All consecutive patients referred to the cardiac catheterization lab for coronary angiography who exhibited evidence of CAD were included in this study. This study was conducted in two stages. During the first stage, each participant was interviewed individually. The administered interview collected data pertaining to demographics, comorbidities, and the STOP-BANG questionnaire score. The second stage of this study consisted of a diagnostic overnight polysomnography (PSG) of 50% of the subjects at high risk for OSA according to the STOP-BANG questionnaire.
Results:
Among the patients with CAD (N = 156), 128 (82%) were categorized as high risk for developing OSA. PSG was conducted on 48 patients. The estimated prevalence of OSA in the study sample was 56.4%. Approximately 61% of the documented sleep apnea patients suffered from moderate to severe OSA.
Conclusion:
This local study concurs with reports in the literature indicating that OSA is very common among CAD patients.
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