Posttraumatic stress disorder. A historical perspective on diagnosis and treatment

The author explores new directions in the diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Psychological, biological, and sociological findings are contrasted with earlier developments to provide historical continuity. The author addresses such topics as developments in psychoanalytic theory, information-processing theory, normal stress response, multitheoretical syntheses, countertransference, and pharmacological approaches.