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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Chronopharmacokinetics studies the temporal change in drug absorption and elimination. These changes can be cyclical or non-cyclical. Cyclical changes occur over a regular interval, while non-cyclical changes occur over a longer, irregular period.
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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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[Circadian rhythms and chronic diseases].

Paolo M Suter1

  • 11 Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsspital Zürich.

Praxis
|November 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Life

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology and its impact on physiological processes.
  • The study of biological rhythms and their environmental synchronizers.

Context:

  • Daily light-dark cycles are primary environmental cues influencing biological rhythms.
  • Organisms exhibit endogenous biological clocks that regulate various functions.
  • Disruptions to these natural rhythms can have significant health consequences.

Purpose:

  • To review the fundamental role of circadian rhythms in biological systems.
  • To highlight the pathophysiological implications of circadian rhythm disruption.

Summary:

  • Biological processes naturally follow rhythmic patterns, primarily synchronized by the 24-hour light-dark cycle.
  • These circadian rhythms influence behaviors and biochemical functions.
  • Disrupting these rhythms carries substantial disease-causing potential.
Keywords:
DesynchronisationZirkadiane Rhythmikchronic illnesschronische Erkrankungencircadian rhythmdesynchronisationdésynchronisationmaladie chroniquerythme circadien

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Impact:

  • Understanding circadian rhythms is crucial for comprehending health and disease.
  • Recognizing the impact of desynchronization can inform preventative health strategies.
  • This review provides foundational knowledge on the significance of biological timing.