Morphometric analysis of the odontoid process: using computed tomography--in the Greek population

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Radiology
• Anatomy

Background:

• Fractures of the odontoid process (dens) are common cervical spine injuries.
• Surgical management often involves anterior screw fixation.
• Accurate morphometric data is crucial for successful screw placement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a morphometric analysis of the odontoid process in the Greek population.
• To determine the feasibility of using one or two screws for treating odontoid process fractures.

Main Methods:

• A CT scan analysis of the cervical spine was performed on 115 Greek patients.
• Measurements included anterior-posterior and transverse diameters of the odontoid process.
• Calculations of the length from the tip to the base and to the anterior-inferior corner of the axis body were made.

Main Results:

• Mean transverse and anterior-posterior diameters of the odontoid process were recorded at different levels.
• Mean lengths from the tip to the base and to the anterior-inferior corner of the axis body were calculated.
• Significant differences in dimensions were observed between men and women.

Conclusions:

• The odontoid process dimensions in the Greek population accommodate one 4.5-mm or 3.5-mm cannulated screw.
• Two 3.5-mm screws are feasible in 58.6% of males and 26.3% of females.
• Understanding odontoid process morphometry is vital for effective anterior screw fixation of dens fractures.