Hypervalent Activation as a Key Step for Dehydrogenative ortho C-C Coupling of Iodoarenes

Building on earlier results, a direct metal-free α-arylation of substituted cyclic 1,3-diones using ArI(O2CCF3)2 reagents has been developed; unlike other arylative approaches, the arylated products retain the iodine substituent ortho to the newly formed C-C bond. The mechanism is explored by using DFT calculations, which show a vanishingly small activation barrier for the C-C bond-forming step. In fact, taking advantage of an efficient in situ hypervalent activation, the iodoarenes are shown to undergo a cross-dehydrogenative C-C coupling at the C-H ortho to the iodine. When Oxone is used as terminal oxidant, the process is found to benefit from a rapid initial formation of the hypervalent ArI(OR)2 species and the sulfate-accelerated final coupling with a ketone. This method complements the ipso selectivity obtained in the metal-catalyzed α-arylation of carbonyl compounds.