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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Six-layer structure for genomics and its applications.

Naoyuki Kamatani1

  • 1Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

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|November 13, 2015
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This summary is machine-generated.

Genomics is a broad field, and this study proposes a six-layer conceptual framework from life to cells. This structure aids in mathematical analysis and understanding genetic tests using genomic data.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Bioinformatics
  • Genetics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • The term 'genetics' predates DNA sequence understanding and is insufficient for current DNA data applications.
  • While 'genomics' is broader, it lacks a shared, satisfactory conceptual framework for scientists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel six-layer hierarchical structure for the field of genomics.
  • To provide a conceptual framework for organizing and analyzing genomic data.

Main Methods:

  • A six-layer model is proposed: life, species, population, family, individual, and cell.
  • Consistent partial orders are defined within each layer using genomic data (phylogenetic and pedigree trees).

Main Results:

  • The proposed structure allows for mathematical analysis by defining consistent partial orders.
  • Mathematical genetics studies can be viewed as bridging gaps between these layers.
  • Genetic tests are framed as procedures for differentiating members within each layer.

Conclusions:

  • The six-layer model offers a comprehensive conceptual framework for the field of genomics.
  • This structure facilitates the mathematical analysis of biological data and the interpretation of genetic tests.