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High-power lasers for directed-energy applications.

Phillip Sprangle, Bahman Hafizi, Antonio Ting

    Applied Optics
    |November 13, 2015
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    Summary

    Naval Research Laboratory scientists demonstrated high-power fiber laser propagation for directed-energy applications. Combining lasers effectively overcomes atmospheric turbulence, paving the way for advanced laser weapon systems.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Directed Energy

    Background:

    • Directed-energy (DE) applications require high-power lasers capable of atmospheric propagation.
    • Atmospheric conditions like turbulence, absorption, scattering, and thermal blooming significantly impact laser beam quality and intensity.
    • Achieving required power levels necessitates combining multiple laser sources.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and discuss research programs at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) focused on high-power lasers for DE applications.
    • To investigate the atmospheric propagation characteristics of combined laser beams, comparing coherent and incoherent combining methods.
    • To assess the feasibility of using combined kW-class fiber lasers for practical DE applications.

    Main Methods:

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  • Review of NRL research programs on high-power lasers for DE.
  • Experimental demonstration of high-power laser propagation through a turbulent atmosphere using combined fiber lasers.
  • Comparison of propagation characteristics for coherently and incoherently combined beams without adaptive optics.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully propagated 5 kW total power from four incoherently combined fiber lasers over 3.2 km in a turbulent atmosphere.
    • Demonstrated wireless recharging capabilities using the high-power laser system.
    • Found minimal difference in energy on target between coherent and incoherent combining for multi-km ranges in moderate to high turbulence.
    • Identified significant practical challenges with coherent combining, including stringent requirements for laser linewidth and polarization alignment.

    Conclusions:

    • Incoherent combining of kW-class fiber lasers is a viable method for achieving high-power laser propagation in turbulent atmospheres for DE applications.
    • The experimental results support the development of the Navy's Laser Weapon System.
    • Coherent combining presents substantial technical hurdles for high-power laser systems due to strict laser parameter requirements, making incoherent combining more practical currently.