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Related Experiment Video

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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Developmental dissociation between the maturation of procedural memory and declarative memory.

Amy S Finn1, Priya B Kalra2, Calvin Goetz3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|November 13, 2015
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Summary

Children aged 10 demonstrate adult-like procedural memory, while declarative memory continues developing into young adulthood. This highlights a developmental dissociation between these memory systems.

Keywords:
Declarative memoryDevelopmentLearningMemoryProcedural memorySkill learningWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Declarative and procedural memory are distinct memory systems with differing psychological characteristics and neural underpinnings.
  • Declarative memory improves through young adulthood, but the developmental trajectory of procedural memory remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental dissociation between declarative and procedural memory.
  • To determine if procedural memory abilities are mature by age 10, contrasting with the ongoing development of declarative memory.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of 10-year-old children and young adults on declarative memory and working memory capacity.
  • Assessment of procedural memory using four distinct tasks: mirror tracing, rotary pursuit, probabilistic classification, and artificial grammar.

Main Results:

  • Children showed lower declarative memory and working memory capacity compared to adults.
  • Children's learning on all four procedural memory tasks was equivalent to that of adults.

Conclusions:

  • Declarative and procedural memory are developmentally dissociable.
  • Procedural memory appears to reach adult-like levels by age 10.
  • Declarative memory continues its developmental maturation into young adulthood.